HAM DALAM ISLAM PERSPEKTIF DAR AL-IFTA’ AL-MISRIYAH

Abstract

Human Rights (HR) are a universal principle that has been a global concern since the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) in 1948. However, the secular approach in the UDHR often differs from religious values, particularly in Islam. In Islamic teachings, human rights have a strong theological foundation, rooted in the Quran and Sunnah, and are oriented toward balancing individual rights and collective obligations. Dar Al-Ifta’ Al-Misriyah, as the leading fatwa institution in Egypt, plays a crucial role in addressing human rights issues from an Islamic perspective with a moderate approach. This study aims to analyze the concept of human rights in Islam from the perspective of Dar Al-Ifta’ Al-Misriyah and compare it with the 1948 UDHR. The study employs a literature review method using primary sources such as Fatwa Dar Al-Ifta’ No. 3901 of 2011. The results of the study indicate that human rights in Islam are holistic, encompassing the principles of brotherhood, equality, and freedom within the bounds of sharia law. The Islamic approach provides a more comprehensive implementation framework than the UDHR, emphasizing moral obligations and legal protection based on sharia. This study concludes that Islam offers a unique approach to human rights that not only respects human dignity but also provides practical mechanisms for its implementation and protection. This perspective from Dar Al-Ifta’ underscores Islam’s role in bridging the gap between universal values and religious norms regarding human rights concepts.